INTRODUCTION
1.1Background
Productivity is the relation between input and output. Input can be of various types i.e. energy, labor, capital, goods, services etc. Output is the product produced after utilizing the inputs. How efficiently the inputs are utilized is known as productivity. Larger the value of productivity, better the utilization of input resources.
1.2 Productivity Definition
A measure of the efficiency of a person , machine , factory system etc in converting inputs into useful outputs.
1.3 Objectives
·
To identify tangible and intangible factors that
affect productivity
·
To develop and determine strength of correlation
between productivity of each activity and its factors
·
To analyses the data and conclude each activities’
productivity with respect to its factors
1.4 Significance
Economy
is divided into two industries: basic industry and non-basic. Mining,
construction, manufacturing, transportation etc are considered as basic
industries. Non-basic industry includes small businesses e.g. stores, service
companies, consulting companies etc. Economy is heavily dependent on basic
industries as compared to non-basic industries. Basic industries generate new
employment opportunities, increases foreign exchange earnings of a country,
improves the purchasing power of a country & boosting the GDP of the whole
economy.
Construction
industry is a part of the basic industry, which means that how well does this
industry performs creates an epidemic impact on the economy. For financial and
economical progression of country, we need a strong and efficient construction
industry.
Construction
projects these days are very complicated and a project can only be a success if
all resources and factors involved are managed properly. Since a country’s
economy is significantly dependent on its construction industry, therefore we
need to make sure that it’s performing at its maximal level. This is where
productivity plays a significant role. Productivity is the measure of
construction performance .
Economic problems can be overcome by improving productivity.
1.5 Problem statement
Construction industry (CI) is focused on completing a project rather than completing it with efficient use of resources. If we compare the productivity of construction industry with manufacturing industry, we will see that the productivity of CI is less than that of manufacturing industry. There was a time, before 1968, when the productivity of CI was more than manufacturing, finance, retail trade & mining industry. As the time passed by, other industries started focusing on their respective productivities for e.g. they improved their productivities
using automation techniques efficiently, and eventually surpassed CI in terms of productivity, whereas the CI remained sluggish in productivity growth.
CI is more concerned about the outcome rather than the process it goes through to achieve that outcome. Productivity is one of the major problem of the CI. Research tells us that, “70% and 90% of projects exceed the original planned cost and that the overrun commonly varies between 50% and 100% of budget”
Construction process is a combination of activities. There are various factors that affect the productivity of different construction activities. For example, nowadays there is an increasing trend of day and night construction, and what civil engineers don’t realise is that there are certain activities, like concreting, steel sheet piling etc, which are more productive at night and other activities, like pavement cutting, timber piling etc, which are more productive at day Likewise, there are many activities, whose productivity depends upon several other factors. Activity wise judgement of productivity is quite rare in CI. Project managers cannot correlate the construction activities with its factors and this is one of the major reason why the productivity of the CI is so abysmal. CI has developed an axiom (hypothesis) about the construction process over the years and no one objects that axiom. There is unawareness that how some activities can be altered by correlating it certain factors.
· Natural Surface Level Drawings
NSL PLAN |
Fig 1.1 NSL drawing
·
Cross
sections from grid 1 to 4
cross section g 1 to 4 |
Fig 1.2 cross section g 1 to 4
cross section G 6 to 9 |
Fig
1.3 cross section G 6 to 9
cross section G 11 to13 |
Fig 1.4 cross section G 11 to13
1.6 What is Excavation
Excavation is the method for moving earth, rock or other materials with tools, equipment or explosives. It includes earthwork, trenching, wall shafts, tunneling and underground. Excavation has a number of important applications including exploration, environmental restoration, mining and construction. Among these, construction is one of the most common applications for excavation. Excavation method for construction to create building foundations.
1.7 Equipment use in excavation
Excavator is
commonly use in construction for foundation excavation, material remove etc.
· Dumper truck
Dumper Truck Earth moving Equipment
Trucks are an extremely important part of the earthmoving and material-moving process
Quantity of Excavation |
|||||
Refrance |
Length |
Area sft |
Avg Area sft |
Quty cft |
Remarks |
G 1 |
0 |
4284.059 |
|
|
|
G 4 |
57.12 |
5224.8287 |
4754.44385 |
271573.8327 |
|
G 6 |
46 |
5036.7759 |
5130.8023 |
236016.9058 |
|
G 9 |
79.87 |
5055.62 |
5046.19795 |
403039.8303 |
|
G 11 |
46 |
6250.2283 |
5652.92415 |
260034.5109 |
|
G 13 |
47.12 |
5945.606 |
6097.91715 |
287333.8561 |
|
|
|
|
Total Area |
1457998.9 |
|
Table 1.0 Quantity of excavation
1.8 Excavator & Dumper truck productivity per day
Excavator Per Day(8hour) Excavate
Material In (16199.98cft)
Truck Dumper Per Day (8 Hour) Remove Material (6000cft)
No comments:
Post a Comment