Combining developments in surveying technology

Taking account of all the over, major advances have been made in surveying

technology in recent times in total stations, satellite and airborne surveying systems,

electronic data collection and data communication, as well as in operations and

CAD software. Putting all of these together, the trend in surveying is towards

Surveying for masterminds

● Large plates screen on total station( courtesy Pentax Industrial Instru ments Co Ltd).

integrated surveying, a system of combining instruments and data first introduced by

Trimble. As shown in Figure1.11, an intertwined surveying system will be made up of

the following factors, all of which will work together rather of independently

● A surveying detector( for illustration, total station, GNSS receiver, ray scanner)

● Data collection tackle and software

● Computer

● Data dispatches

● Processing and design software

In practical terms, integrated surveying means that all check instruments

( detectors) will be exchangeable and the data inflow across all surveying disciplines

preface 15

● Integrated surveying( courtesy Trimble & KOREC Group and General Dy namics Itronix). will be flawless. For illustration, the data for a control check could be attained using a total station and also transferred on point through a data collector to a GNSS receiver for mapping purposes( see Figure1.12). Several instruments and systems may be involved in collecting the data for a point check, but each dataset will be stored in a data collector. These are transferred to the system computer and combined by one software operation to produce a chart or DTM. Grounded on this, the data generated by a

CAD system

CAD system for a design design will be in a format compatible with all the outfit and computer control systems used on point for setting out.

Cad system

When prognosticating the future in specific areas for integrated surveying, it's anticipated utmost detector technology will continue to ameliorate, especially ray scanning and those grounded on airborne mapping technologies. Some pronounced changes to satellite check ing systems are also planned with the preface of the European and Chinese sys tems known as Galileo and Compass plus variations to GPS signals. An area

where important development is anticipated is in wireless dispatches which will be come commonplace for check instruments. For long- range data transfer, which is es pecially important for GNSS, data communication grounded on wireless mobile( cellular) phone technology will come decreasingly important. Because of the capability of most check detectors to produce huge quantities of data, data integration is an area in which advancements are being planned and it's anticipated that an assiduity standard will be introduced allowing data to be transferred between the software supplied by different manufacturers. Proper data integration will enable surveyors and masterminds to combine all kinds of information without passing complicated transformations and data loss.

Another area where data integration will play an important part is in the elevation of the spatial data in being geographic information systems.

What will be the part of engineering surveyors in future?

During the construction phase of a design, utmost time in engineering surveying is de suggested to setting out. This is the practical operation of routine surveying ways to construction and requires a knowledge and understanding of these.

16 Surveying for masterminds

● Transfer of data on point( courtesy Trimble & KOREC Group).

Indeed though point surveying can involve using the most high- tech systems, the abil ity to observe and measure angles, distances and heights using fairly introductory outfit and styles will always be needed on point and all those engaged in engineering sur veying must be suitable to use a conventional theodolite for measuring angles, or be suitable to use a sword tape recording for measuring distances and should be suitable to determine heights by

levelling

The capability to use a calculator to reuse these compliances by hand is also needed. Indeed though setting out could be carried out using theodolite and tape recording, the most sophisticated GNSS receiver and software might be used. Data could be calculated and recorded by hand in field books or by using a state- of- the- art field computer.

Lavelling

One of the liabilities of surveyors and masterminds involved in setting out is to choose the right outfit for the job from the array of instruments and systems presently available. For some spots, theodolites, situations and videotapes are relatively sufficient, but as the work becomes larger and more complex, total stations, GNSS receivers and ray grounded instruments may be more applicable.

Beside the part of furnishing data on point for control checks, mapping and the partner pertise needed for setting out, engineering surveyors will be involved in all the de velopments presently taking place to ameliorate information operation.

Surveying outfit

Surveying outfit and styles can induce large quantities of data and an important area for surveyors and masterminds is in organising and using this in the most effective way – for illustration, the trend in detail checks is to produce graphical 3D images of a point as well as traditional 2D plans. enforcing surveying systems on point that give imme diate access to a wide variety of information about a job( for illustration control point data and descriptions, delineations and documents, design lines and so on), that enable data to be reused whilst on point and allow immediate updates or design changes to be transferred from the office to the point is essential to good information operation.

The ultimate points then are to enable everyone working on a construction design to have access to all the information demanded on point to make use of control checks, to record and process data for mapping and for setting out, design and quality control. This will only be possible when proper real- time data architectures have been developed.

When these systems are eventually on line, engineering surveyors will come data man agers overseeing the flawless transfer of data between point and office from the launch to the finish of a construction design.