Civil engineering Knowledge for students,and fresh engineers?

Basic facts approximately engineering.

Site Engineer have to be recognized approximately those terms

 

Concrete  Grade

 

M5 = 1:four:eight

 

M10= 1:three:6

 

M15= 1:2:four

 

M20= 1:1.five:three

 

M25= 1:1:2

 

Concrete cowl for all components of structures.
 Clear Cover to Main Reinforcement :
 

1.FOOTINGS : 50 mm

 

2.RAFT FOUNDATION.TOP : 50 mm

 

3.RAFT FOUNDATION.BOTTOM/SIDES : seventy five mm

 

4.STRAP BEAM : 50 mm

 

5.GRADE SLAB : 20 mm

 

6.COLUMN : forty mm

 

7.SHEAR WALL : 25 mm

 

8.BEAMS : 25 mm

 

9.SLABS : 15 mm

 

10.FLAT SLAB : 20 mm

 

11.STAIRCASE : 15 mm

 

12.RET. WALL : 20/ 25 mm on earth

 

13.WATER RETAINING STRUCTURES : 20/30 mm

 

Basic facts approximately engineering.
Weight of metal 
 

These formulation use for discover the load of metal in 1 meter

 

D^2/162 or d^/533

 

Weight of Rod Per Meter Length : Dia weight Per Meter :

 

6mm = 0.222Kg

 

8mm = 0.395 Kg

 

10mm = 0.616 Kg

 

12mm = 0.888 Kg

 

16mm = 1.578 Kg

 

20mm = 2.466 Kg

 

25mm = three.853 Kg

 

32mm = 6.313 Kg

 

40mm = nine.865 Kg

 

Basic facts approximately engineering.
Conversion factor
 

Unit Conversions:

 

1feet-0.3048m

 

1m-three.28ft

 

1sq.m-10.76sq.ft

 

1cu.m-35.28cu.ft

 

1acre-43560sq.ft

 

1cent-435.6sq.ft

 

1hectare-2.47acre

 

1acre-100cent-4046.724sq.m

 

1ground-2400sq.ft

 

1unit-100cu.ft-2.eighty three cu.m 1 square-100sq.

 

Find the quantity of metal

 

1M Length Steel Rod its Volume :

 

V=(Pi/four)*Dia x Dia X L=(three.14/four)x D x D X 1 (for1m period) Density of Steel=7850 kg/ cub meter

 

Weight =

 

Volume x Density=

 

(three.14/four)x D x D X1x7850 (if D is in mm ) So = ((three.14/four)x D x D X1x7850)/(1000x1000) = Dodd/162.27

 

Concrete blend designs .

Design Mix M10 :

 

M10 ( 1 : three.92 : five.62)

 

Cement : 210 Kg/ M three

 

20 mm overwhelm: 708 Kg/ M three

 

12.five mm overwhelm : 472 Kg/ M three

 

River sand : 823 Kg/ M three

 

Total water : 185 Kg/ M three

 

Fresh concrete density: 2398 Kg/M three

 

Design Mix M20 :

 

M20 ( 1 : 2.48 : three.55)

 

Cement : 320 Kg/ M three

 

20 mm overwhelm : 683 Kg/ M three

 

12.five mm overwhelm : 455 Kg/ M three

 

River sand : 794 Kg/ M three

 

Total water : 176 Kg/ M three

 

Admixture : 0.7%

 

Fresh concrete density: 2430 Kg/ M three

 

Design Mix M25 :

 

M25 ( 1 : 2.28 : three.27)

 

Cement : 340 Kg/ M three

 

20 mm overwhelm: 667 Kg/ M three

 

12.five mm overwhelm : 445 Kg/ M three

 

River sand : 775 Kg/ M three

 

Total water : 185 Kg/ M three

 

Admixture : 0.6%

 

Fresh concrete density: 2414 Kg/ M three

 

Note: sand 775 + 2% moisture, Water185 -20.five=164 Litres, Admixture = 0.five% is 100ml

 

Design Mix M30 :

 

M30 ( 1 : 2 : 2.87)

 

Cement : 380 Kg/ M three

 

20 mm overwhelm: 654 Kg/ M three

 

12.five mm overwhelm: 436 Kg/ M three

 

River sand : 760 Kg/ M three

 

Total water : 187 Kg/ M three

 

Admixture : 0.7%

 

Fresh concrete density: 2420 Kg/ M three

 

Note: Sand = 760 Kg with 2% moisture(170.80+15.20)

 

Design Mix M35 :

M35 ( 1 : 1.79 : 2.fifty seven)

 

Cement : 410 Kg/ M three

 

20 mm overwhelm: 632 Kg/ M three

 

12.five mm overwhelm 421 Kg/ M three

 

River sand : 735 Kg/ M three

 

Total water : two hundred Kg/ M three

 

Admixture : 0.7%

 

Fresh concrete density: 2400 Kg/ M three

 

Note: sand = 735 + 2%,

 

Water = two hundred- 14.7 =185.30,

 

Admixture = 0.7�signal Mix M40 :

 

M40 ( 1 : 1.67 : 2.39)

 

Cement : 430 Kg/ M three

 

20 mm overwhelm: 618 Kg/ M three

 

12.five mm overwhelm : 412 Kg/ M three

 

River sand : 718 Kg/ M three

 

Water Cement ratio : 0.43

 

Admixture : 0.7%

 

Note: Sand = 718 + Bulk age 1�signal Mix M45 :

 

M45 ( 1 : 1.58 : 2.26)

 

Cement : 450 Kg/ M three

 

20 mm overwhelm : 626 Kg/ M three

 

12.five mm overwhelm: 417 Kg/ M three

 

River sand : 727 Kg/ M three + Bulk age 1%

 

Water Cement ratio : 0.43

 

Admixture : 0.7�signal Mix M50 :

 

M50 ( 1 : 1.44 : 2.23)

 

Cement : 450 Kg/ M three

 

20 mm overwhelm: 590 Kg/ M three

 

12.five mm overwhelm: 483 Kg/ M three

 

River sand : 689 Kg/ M three + Bulk age 12%

 

Water Cement ratio : 0.36 (188 Kg)

 

Admixture : 1.20percentthree

 

Micro silica : 30 Kg

 

Super waft 6.7% of cement

 Brick Work

brick work

Bricks:

1 cubic meter includes 500 bricksThe Standard length of the first elegance brick is 190mmx 90mm x90mm and motor joint have to be 10mm thickSo brick with motor=two hundred x one hundred x one hundred.Volume of

 

1st elegance brick = 0.19 x 0.09 X 0.09 =0.001539cu.m

 

Volume of 1st elegance brick with motor =0.2 x 0.1 x0.1=0.002cu.mNo. on bricks consistent with 1cu.m= 1/quantity of1st elegance brick with motor=1/0.002=500 no’s of bricks

 

Basic facts approximately engineering

 

 Standard conversion

 

Standard Conversion Factors :

 

INCH = 25.four MILLIMETRE

 

FOOT = 0.3048 METRE

 

YARD = 0.9144 METRE

 

MILE = 1.6093 KILO-METER

 

ACRE = 0.4047HECTARE

 

POUND = 0.4536 KILOGRAM

 

DEGREE FARENHEIT X five/nine – 32 = DEGREE CELSIUS MILLIMETRE= 0.0394

 

INCHMETRE = three.2808

 

FOOTMETRE = 1.0936YARD

 

A rope having period 100cm.You can shape any form the usage of this rope (Example: Triangle,Rectangle, etc.,). Which form will covers most area

 

1 Newton = o.101971 kg

 

1 mm2 = 0.01 cm2

 

1 cm2 = one hundred mm2

 

1 mm2 = 20 N100 mm2 = 2000N

 

1 cm2 = 2000N2000 N = 203.942 kgSo 20 N/ mm2 = 203.942 kg / cm2

 

Ratio As consistent with IS 1:1.five:three :

 

then quantity is 1+1.five+three=five.five and

 

the overall quantity for the usage of blend=1.fifty seven m3

 

then cement required=

 

1/five.five*1.fifty seven=0.285m3*1440=411 kg. (eight+bag)

 

sand requried=1.five/five.five*1.fifty seven=0.471m3 combination required=three/five.five*1.fifty seven=0.853m3

 

the same old quantity of dry blend mortar=1.fifty seven.. U can test it in IS code also.

 

Then quantity is1+1.five+three=five.five and the overall quantity for the usage of blend=1.fifty seven m3 then cement required=1/five.five*1.fifty seven=0.285m3*1440=411 kg.(eight+bag)sand required=1.five/five.five*1.fifty seven=0.471m3aggregate required=three/five.five*1.fifty seven=0.853m3the general quantity of dry blend mortar=1.fifty seven.. U can test it in IS code

 

Material Calculation

 

Material Calculation : Cement in Bags :

 

BAGS01. PCC 1:five:10 1440/five*0.forty five 129.60Kg 2.5902.

 

PCC 1:four:eight(M 7.five) 1440/four*0.forty five 162.00Kg three.2403.

 

PCC 1:2:four(M 15) 1440/2*0.forty five 324.00Kg 6.4804.

 

PCC 1:three:6(M 10) 1440/three*0.forty five 216.00Kg four.320

 

RCC 1:2:four(M 15) 144/2*0.forty five 324.00Kg 6.4806.

 

RCC 1:1.five:three(M 20) 1440/1.five*0.forty five 32.00Kg8.6407.

 

RCC 1:1:2(M 25) 370.00Kg 7.4008.

 

RCC M 30 410.00Kg eight.2009.

 

RCC M35 445.00Kg eight.9010.

 

RCC M40 480.00Kg nine.6011.

 

Damp Proof CourseCM1:three,20mm tk 1440/three*0.022 10.56Kg 0.2112. 2"tk precast slab

 

M15 324*0.05 16.20Kg 0.3213. three"tk precast slab

 

M15 324*0.half 24.30Kg0.4914.

 

GC Masonry CM 1:7 1440/7*0.34 70.00Kg1.4015.

 

Brick Work CM 1:6 1440/6*0.25 60.00Kg 1.2016.

 

Brick Work CM 1:four, 115tk 1440/four*0.25*0.11510.35Kg 0.2117.

 

Grano Flooring CC 1:1.five:three 1440/1.five*0.forty five*0.0521.60Kg 0.4318.

 

Plastering CM 1:three, 12mm tk 1440/three*0.0146.72Kg 0.1319.

 

Wall Plastering CM 1:four,12mm tk 1440/four*0.014 five.00Kg 0.1020.

 

Laying Pressed Tiles Over CM 1:four, 20mm tk 1440/four*0.022 7.92Kg 0.1621.

 

Ceramic Tiles, Marble,Granite, Caddapah SlabCM 1:four, 20mm tk 1440/four*0.022 7.92Kg 0.1622.

 

Hollow Block MasonryCM 1:6, 200mm tk/m¬2¬ 10.00Kg 0.20

 

Sand Calculation in CF

01. Any Concrete Work(PCC, RCC) 0.forty five*35.315= 20.00

 

02. Damp Proof CourseCM `1:three, 20mm tk 1.00

 

03. 2"tk Precast slab M15 1.00

 

04. three"tk Precast slab M15 1.50

 

05. SS Masonry in CM 1:7 15.00

 

06. Brick Work in CM 1:6 15.00

 

07. Brick Work in CM 1:four,115mm tk 2.00

 

08. Grano Flooring in CC 1:1.five:three 1.00

 

09. Plastering in CM 1:three, 12mm tk 1.00

 

10. Wall Plastering CM 1:four, 12mm tk 1.00

 

11. Laying Pressed Tiles over a CM 1:four, 20mm tk1.00

 

12. Ceramic Tiles, Marble, Granite, Cuddapah slab CM 1:four, 20mm tk 1.00

 

 Concrete.

01. Any Concrete Work 32.00 cft

 

02. Grano Flooring in CC 1:1.five:three, 50mm tk 1.60cft

 

03. Grano Flooring in CC 1:1.five:three, 75mm tk 2.40cft

 

04. Grano Flooring in CC 1:1.five:three, 100mm tk three.20cft

 

05. Bricks/cum 450.00 Nos

 

06. Size Stone/ cum 90.00 Nos

 

07. Rough Stone 10.00 cft

 

08. Bond Stone/ cum 10.00 Nos

 

09. Cement Paint/one hundred Sft 2.00 Kg

 

10. White Cement/one hundred Sft 2.00 Kg

 

11. Janathacem/one hundred Sft 1.50 Kg

 

12. Enamel Paint/one hundred Sft - 2 Coats 1.25 Litre

 

13. Wall Putty/one hundred Sft 10.00 Kg

 

14. Plaster of Paris/one hundred Sft 25.00 Kg

 

15. Distemper/one hundred Sft 2.00 Kg

 

16. Cement Primer 0.60 Litre0.forty Litre

 

17. Weathering CourseLime 12.50 KgBrick bats 32.00 Kg

 

18. Providing Sand Gravel Mix- CumSand 20.00 CftGravel forty.00Cft

 

19.WBM - 75mm tk - 1st Layer - 10 Sqm Metel(60-forty mm)35.00Cft Gravel 10.00 Cft

 

20. Pressed Tiles - Sqm 20.00 Nos

 

21. Hollow Block - 200mm tk 14.00 Nos

 

CONVERSION TABL

01. 1 RM three.28 Rft

 

02. 1 Sqm 10.seventy six Sft

 

03. 1 Cum 35.32 Cft

 

04. 1 Inch 2.fifty four cm

 

05. 1 sft 0.09Sqm

 

06. 1 Acre 0.04 Hectare

 

07. 1 Hectare 2.forty seven Acres

 

08. 1 Cft 0.028 Cum

 

09. 1 Feet 12.00 Inch

 

10. 1 Feet 0.305 M

 

11. 1 Cum one thousand.00 Litre

 

Unit weight

01. Concrete 25 kN/m3

 

02. Brick 19 kN/m3

 

03. Steel 7850 Kg/m3

 

04. Water one thousand Lt/m3

 

05. Cement 1440 Kg/m3

 

06. 1Gallon four.eighty one Litres

 

07. Link eight" = 200mm

 

08. 1 Hectare 2.471 acr(10000m2)

 

09. 1 Acr 4046.82m2 = one hundred cent

 
Development Length :

01. Compression 38d

 

02. Tension forty seven & 60d

 

03. 1 Cent 435.60 Sft

 

04. 1 Meter three.2808 ft

 

05. 1 M2 10.seventy six ft2

 

06. 1 Feet 0.3048m

 

07. 1 KN 100Kg

 

08. 1kN 1000N

 

09. 1 Ton 1000Kg = 10,000 N = 10 kN

 

10. 1 kG nine.81N

 
Cement Consumption :

M5=2.54Bg/m3,

 

M7.five=three.18Bg/m3,

 

M10=four.32Bg/m3,

 

M20=eight.64Bg/m3,

 

M25=12.nine Bg/m3,

 

M40=500+100Kg/m3

 

Brick:

Water absorption 12 to 15%

 

Compressive strength = 36Kn/cm2

 

230mm Wall/m3 = 460 Bricks + 20Cft Sand +66Kg CementSSM 1:7/m3 = Slize 95 + Soiling eight Cft +60.five KgCurrent = one thousand Watts = 1 Unit,